Mindblown: a blog about philosophy.

Introduction Lung cancer remains a leading cause of cancer-related deaths worldwide, with mesothelioma and non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) being particularly aggressive subtypes (National Cancer Institute). Among the available in vitro models, the NCI-H226 [H226] cell line is widely used to study lung cancer biology, molecular pathways, and therapeutic responses. Origin and Establishment of NCI-H226…

Introduction Lung cancer remains a leading cause of cancer-related deaths worldwide, with mesothelioma and non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) being particularly aggressive subtypes (National Cancer Institute). Among the available in vitro models, the NCI-H226 [H226] cell line is widely used to study lung cancer biology, molecular pathways, and therapeutic responses. Origin and Establishment of NCI-H226…

Introduction Pancreatic cancer remains one of the most aggressive and lethal malignancies, with a five-year survival rate of less than 10% (National Cancer Institute). Among the various in vitro models used to study this disease, the PaTu 8988t cell line has emerged as a valuable tool for understanding the molecular mechanisms of pancreatic adenocarcinoma and…

Introduction to Sonic Hedgehog Protein (Shh) The Sonic Hedgehog (Shh) protein is a critical signaling molecule involved in embryonic development, cell differentiation, and tissue regeneration. The recombinant Mouse Sonic Hedgehog protein (Shh), Partial (Active) is widely used in biomedical research to study its role in developmental biology, neurogenesis, and cancer progression. For more information on…

Introduction to MDA-MB-157 Cells MDA-MB-157 is a human breast cancer cell line that originates from a triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) patient. These cells are widely used in cancer research, particularly in studies focused on tumor progression, metastasis, drug resistance, and therapeutic targets. Unlike hormone receptor-positive breast cancer cells, MDA-MB-157 lacks estrogen receptor (ER), progesterone receptor…

Introduction to Human Bone Marrow Mononuclear Cells (BMMCs) Human Bone Marrow Mononuclear Cells (BMMCs) are a heterogeneous population of immune and progenitor cells derived from bone marrow. These cells include hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs), mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs), lymphocytes, monocytes, and other immune cell subtypes. BMMCs play a crucial role in regenerative medicine, immunotherapy, and…

Introduction to 12-Hydroxyeicosatetraenoic Acid (12-HETE) 12-Hydroxyeicosatetraenoic Acid (12-HETE) is a bioactive lipid mediator derived from arachidonic acid through the 12-lipoxygenase (12-LOX) pathway. It plays a significant role in inflammation, cancer progression, and cardiovascular diseases. Studies from the National Institutes of Health indicate that 12-HETE is involved in angiogenesis, immune responses, and tumor metastasis. Biosynthesis and…

Introduction to 12-Hydroxyeicosatetraenoic Acid (12-HETE) 12-Hydroxyeicosatetraenoic Acid (12-HETE) is a bioactive lipid mediator derived from arachidonic acid through the 12-lipoxygenase (12-LOX) pathway. It plays a significant role in inflammation, cancer progression, and cardiovascular diseases. Studies from the National Institutes of Health indicate that 12-HETE is involved in angiogenesis, immune responses, and tumor metastasis. Biosynthesis and…

Human Heat Shock Factor 1 (HSF1) is a critical transcription factor that regulates the cellular response to stress, particularly heat shock proteins (HSPs). HSF1 plays a crucial role in protecting cells from proteotoxic stress caused by elevated temperatures, oxidative stress, and toxins. This regulation is essential for cellular homeostasis, protein folding, and disease response mechanisms.…

Interferon-stimulated gene 15 (ISG15) is a ubiquitin-like protein highly induced by type I interferons (IFNs) in response to viral infections, immune responses, and various cellular stresses. ISG15 plays a crucial role in the host antiviral defense mechanism, acting as a post-translational modifier that regulates protein stability, signaling pathways, and immune functions. In bovines, ISG15 is…